NUTRITION FOR DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN

It's kinda sad when you see your child diarrhea, they look weak, lethargic, often complain of abdominal pain, and sometimes refusing to eat and drink because they feel sick. It'senough to make their circumstances change, from the cheerful and lively nature becomesless active and not passionate.

Parents are sometimes less aware of and considered trivial, but if not handled properlydiarrhea can be fatal, especially among children under five. The average toddler has diarrhea 2-3 times per year.
Definition of acute diarrhea.

Otherwise the child diarrhea, if there is an increase in frequency of bowel movements than usual (generally more than 3 times a day), and there is a change in stool consistency or aliquid with an increase in volume, can be accompanied by mucus or blood. Acute means that the incident took place less than 7 days.
Cause of diarrhea.


Gastrointestinal infections remains a common the causes of diarrhea in children.Epidemiological data showed that rotavirus and bacteria are common causes. Based ondata reported RSCM Jakarta in 2003, rotavirus was found in 60% of children and bacteria(E.coli and Salmonella) in 20% of children under 3 years old with acute diarrhea withoutdehydration and mild to moderate dehydration. Diarrhea caused by rotavirus and bacteriado not show significant differences duarasi. The frequency of watery diarrhea were significantly more abundant in diarrhea caused by rotavirus than diarrhea caused by bacteria.

Symptoms and Risks arising from diarrhea.
Judging from the form of fecal water content ranged from 'liquid' (water level is highest, usually occurring in acute diarrhea), 'flaccid' (like porridge), 'form' (normal feces, such asbananas), and 'hard' (content water a little bit like goat manure). In infants aged 0-1months, let alone drinking milk, stool frequency magnitude more often, which can be 8-10times a day with watery stools, bubbly and sour smelling. This happens because of lactose intolerance is a temporary condition due to non optimal levels of the enzyme lactase tohydrolyze lactose milk. This situation is normal at the age of the baby.

From diarrhea is the most feared dehirasi, in severe conditions children can be knocked unconscious and when a child's lack of electrolytes can be seizures. This is precisely whatneeds to worry about.
WHO has divided the degrees of dehydration into 3 groups by clinical guidelines are much simpler, namely:

NO Dehydration Diarrhea

• children looked healthy and playing as usual
• wet mouth and tongue, the child is not thirsty
• eyelid is a concave
• urination is normal

Diarrhea with mild dehydration / MEDIUM

• child begins to fuss and looks thirsty to drink continues
• dry tongue and mouth
• the eyes look sunken
• slow return of skin turgor
• decreased urination

Diarrhea with dehydration WEIGHT

• limp to an unconscious child
• very sunken eyes and no tears
• very dry mouth and tongue
• the child is lazy can not even drink drink
• very slow return of skin turgor
• no longer urinate.

Treatment
The main objective is the treatment of diarrhea to prevent dehydration, fluid and electrolytedeficiencies corrected according to the degree of dehydration and nutritional realimentasi.

Without dehydration.

• In this situation, therapy conducted at home, so parents need to understand a few things to prevent dehydration in children, namely:give more fluids than usual to prevent dehydration
• can be given oral rehydration salts (with sodium levels 75meq / L) of 5-10 ml / kg of eachliquid bowel movements
• provide age-appropriate foods that lack nutritional xukup to prevent
• children should be brought to the health officer immediately if the diarrhea does not improve within 3 days or if some circumstances are found below:

• diarrhea more frequently and more liquid stools 
• vomiting more frequently, so that food intake is limited. 
• Children are very thirsty 
• high fever, bloody stools

Mild to moderate diarrhea.
In this situation the child touched smendapat ORS and monitored at the corner of OralRehydration Effort (corner uro) or ward daily. ORS solution is given as much 75ml/kgBBgiven a3-hour dive to monitor the progress of dehydration. Some things to note are:

• children should be monitored in the ward day until there are no or minimal signs of dehydration can drink so well guaranteed to fluid intake.
• ORS solution is given in a little demisedikit. If the child vomits, wait a few minutes thencontinue giving ORS solution more slowly in a way ..
• when the eyelids swollen, stop giving ORS solution and give boiled water or breast milk /infant formula dimuum usual. Once the swelling is gone, give ORS according todehydration degree mark.
• When clinically visible lactose intolerance, milk continue. Whereas infants who receivedformula milk can be given a lactose-free milk. 

Severe dehydration.
In this situation, naka should be hospitalized and received rehydration fluids are given as much 100cc/kgBB pernteral for 6 hours in infants under 12 months old and 3 hours in children aged over 12 months.

ORS can be given once the child can drink without any complications, which usuallyreached after 2-3 hours of administration of parenteral rehydration. On diarrhealdehydration, if not breastfed, can be given a lactose-free formula milk.

DIARRHEA IN NUTRITION
Adequate nutrition is necessary in children to prevent diarrhea, nutritional deficiencies. Do not satisfy the child. Food before it is given including hospital breastfeeding. Children whohave previously received infant formula, given the severe dehydration, lactose-free milkformula, while in no dehydration or mild dehydration, was not necessary to change the formula, unless clinically visible symptoms of lactose intolerance is quite heavy. At thiskeasaan be given formula or lactose-free low. Recommended the provision of food withhigher calories than usual. That should be considered is the osmolarity of milk a lowosmolarity diberikan.tingkat can lighten the diarrhea that lasts mainly on the state oflactose intolerance.

Prebiotics and Probiotics
Frukto-oligosaccharides added to infant formula in order to maintain the balance ofgastrointestinal microflora that is dominated by Bifidobakteria and Laktobasillus (good bacteria) and enhance the immune system Carna channel. Giving Fruktooligosakarida asprebiotics have been reported to improve gastrointestinal health. Bifidobakteria andlactobacilli bacteria itself is classified as probiotics, live microorganisms which whenadministered to humans will live in the Carna sluran apada positf and health effects.Probiotics have also been demonstrated by many studies can reduce the frequency ofdiarrhea and duration of diarrhea.

Treatment of diarrhea at home.